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  <dataset>
    <alternateIdentifier>623511c0-61d8-4a38-8eaf-7e111ec814f3</alternateIdentifier>
    <alternateIdentifier>SWA-1</alternateIdentifier>
    <title>Field study of bird breeding ecology at Swiss Alps, Switzerland from 2015 to 2026 (ongoing).</title>
    <creator id="creator-1" scope="document">
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Fränzi</givenName>
        <surName>Korner-Nievergelt</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Schweizerische Vogelwarte Sempach, Universität Basel</organizationName>
      <address>
        <city>Sempach</city>
        <postalCode>6204</postalCode>
        <country>Switzerland</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>fraenzi.korner@vogelwarte.ch</electronicMailAddress>
      <userId directory="https://orcid.org/">0000-0001-9081-3563</userId>
    </creator>
    <metadataProvider>
      <references>creator-1</references>
    </metadataProvider>
    <pubDate>2026-02-05</pubDate>
    <intellectualRights>
      <para>This work is licensed under 'By Permission of Data Custodian' license of SPI-Birds. This license allows Data Users to adapt, and build upon the data in any medium or format, so long as permission is granted by the Data Custodian. This permission may be conditional on a set of conditions (Usage Terms) at the Data Custodian's discretion. See https://github.com/SPI-Birds/documentation/blob/master/terms_and_conditions/SPI_Birds_Data_Licenses.pdf for term definition and more info.</para>
    </intellectualRights>
    <coverage>
      <geographicCoverage>
        <geographicDescription>Swiss Alps, Switzerland</geographicDescription>
        <boundingCoordinates>
          <westBoundingCoordinate>8.41</westBoundingCoordinate>
          <eastBoundingCoordinate>8.41</eastBoundingCoordinate>
          <northBoundingCoordinate>46.58</northBoundingCoordinate>
          <southBoundingCoordinate>46.58</southBoundingCoordinate>
          <boundingAltitudes>
            <altitudeMinimum>1800</altitudeMinimum>
            <altitudeMaximum>3000</altitudeMaximum>
            <altitudeUnits>meter</altitudeUnits>
          </boundingAltitudes>
        </boundingCoordinates>
      </geographicCoverage>
      <temporalCoverage>
        <rangeOfDates>
          <beginDate>
            <calendarDate>2015</calendarDate>
          </beginDate>
          <endDate>
            <calendarDate>2026</calendarDate>
          </endDate>
        </rangeOfDates>
      </temporalCoverage>
      <taxonomicCoverage>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>kingdom</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Animalia</taxonRankValue>
          <taxonId provider="https://www.gbif.org">1</taxonId>
          <taxonId provider="https://www.catalogueoflife.org">N</taxonId>
          <taxonId provider="https://www.itis.gov">202423</taxonId>
          <taxonomicClassification>
            <taxonRankName>phylum</taxonRankName>
            <taxonRankValue>Chordata</taxonRankValue>
            <taxonId provider="https://www.gbif.org">44</taxonId>
            <taxonId provider="https://www.catalogueoflife.org">CH2</taxonId>
            <taxonId provider="https://www.itis.gov">158852</taxonId>
            <taxonomicClassification>
              <taxonRankName>class</taxonRankName>
              <taxonRankValue>Aves</taxonRankValue>
              <taxonId provider="https://www.gbif.org">212</taxonId>
              <taxonId provider="https://www.catalogueoflife.org">V2</taxonId>
              <taxonId provider="https://www.itis.gov">174371</taxonId>
              <taxonomicClassification>
                <taxonRankName>order</taxonRankName>
                <taxonRankValue>Passeriformes</taxonRankValue>
                <taxonId provider="https://www.gbif.org">729</taxonId>
                <taxonId provider="https://www.catalogueoflife.org">3RL</taxonId>
                <taxonId provider="https://www.itis.gov">178265</taxonId>
                <taxonomicClassification>
                  <taxonRankName>family</taxonRankName>
                  <taxonRankValue>Passeridae</taxonRankValue>
                  <taxonId provider="https://www.gbif.org">5264</taxonId>
                  <taxonId provider="https://www.catalogueoflife.org">626DC</taxonId>
                  <taxonId provider="https://www.itis.gov">553446</taxonId>
                  <taxonomicClassification>
                    <taxonRankName>genus</taxonRankName>
                    <taxonRankValue>Montifringilla</taxonRankValue>
                    <taxonId provider="https://www.gbif.org">2492365</taxonId>
                    <taxonId provider="https://www.catalogueoflife.org">63CZ4</taxonId>
                    <taxonId provider="https://www.itis.gov">557916</taxonId>
                    <taxonomicClassification>
                      <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
                      <taxonRankValue>Montifringilla nivalis</taxonRankValue>
                      <commonName>Snow finch</commonName>
                      <commonName>White-winged snowfinch</commonName>
                      <taxonId provider="https://www.gbif.org">2492371</taxonId>
                      <taxonId provider="https://www.catalogueoflife.org">44B99</taxonId>
                      <taxonId provider="https://eol.org">45513737</taxonId>
                      <taxonId provider="https://www.itis.gov">561220</taxonId>
                      <taxonId provider="https://euring.org">16110</taxonId>
                    </taxonomicClassification>
                  </taxonomicClassification>
                </taxonomicClassification>
              </taxonomicClassification>
            </taxonomicClassification>
          </taxonomicClassification>
        </taxonomicClassification>
      </taxonomicCoverage>
    </coverage>
    <maintenance>
      <description>
        <para/>
      </description>
      <maintenanceUpdateFrequency>asNeeded</maintenanceUpdateFrequency>
    </maintenance>
    <contact>
      <references>creator-1</references>
    </contact>
    <methods>
      <methodStep>
        <description>
          <para>Tagging</para>
          <para>Birds were fitted with tags (i.e., coloured leg ring) to monitor the development and life histories of individuals.</para>
        </description>
      </methodStep>
      <methodStep>
        <description>
          <para>Brood data</para>
          <para>Nests were visited regularly to collect breeding ecology variables (i.e., brood size, fledge date, fledgling number, hatch date, lay date).</para>
        </description>
      </methodStep>
      <methodStep>
        <description>
          <para>Individual data</para>
          <para>The following individual-level data were collected: age, personality scores, plumage characteristics, size (weight, wing, tarsus, etc.).</para>
        </description>
      </methodStep>
      <methodStep>
        <description>
          <para>Genetic data</para>
          <para>The following samples were taken for genetic analysis: .</para>
          <para>Other genetic data collected/additional details supplied by the metadata provider: saliva.</para>
        </description>
      </methodStep>
      <methodStep>
        <description>
          <para>Environmental data</para>
          <para>The following biotic variables were collected: food availability.</para>
          <para>The following abiotic variables were collected: rainfall, snow, temperature.</para>
        </description>
      </methodStep>
      <methodStep>
        <description>
          <para>Other activities</para>
          <para>The following activities were undertaken: winter tagging.</para>
        </description>
      </methodStep>
    </methods>
    <project>
      <title>Field study of bird breeding ecology at Swiss Alps, Switzerland from 2015 to 2026 (ongoing).</title>
      <personnel>
        <references>creator-1</references>
        <role>dataCustodian</role>
      </personnel>
      <personnel>
        <individualName>
          <givenName>Sebastian</givenName>
          <surName>Dirren</surName>
        </individualName>
        <organizationName>Schweizerische Vogelwarte Sempach</organizationName>
        <electronicMailAddress>sebastian.dirren@vogelwarte.ch</electronicMailAddress>
        <userId directory="https://orcid.org/">0000-0002-5638-5208</userId>
        <role>scientific collaborator</role>
      </personnel>
      <personnel>
        <individualName>
          <givenName>Claire</givenName>
          <surName>Pernollet</surName>
        </individualName>
        <organizationName>Schweizerische Vogelwarte Sempach</organizationName>
        <role>scientific assistant</role>
      </personnel>
      <personnel>
        <individualName>
          <givenName>Christian</givenName>
          <surName>Schano</surName>
        </individualName>
        <organizationName>Schweizerische Vogelwarte Sempach</organizationName>
        <userId directory="https://orcid.org/">0000-0001-6365-8641</userId>
        <role>phd student and postdoc</role>
      </personnel>
      <personnel>
        <individualName>
          <givenName>Irmi</givenName>
          <surName>Zwahlen</surName>
        </individualName>
        <organizationName>Schweizerische Vogelwarte Sempach</organizationName>
        <role>scientific assistant</role>
      </personnel>
      <personnel>
        <individualName>
          <givenName>Elisenda</givenName>
          <surName>Peris Morente</surName>
        </individualName>
        <organizationName>Schweizerische Vogelwarte Sempach</organizationName>
        <electronicMailAddress>fepmcorbera@gmail.com</electronicMailAddress>
        <userId directory="https://orcid.org/">0009-0003-1214-5151</userId>
        <role>scientific assistant</role>
      </personnel>
      <personnel>
        <individualName>
          <givenName>Carole</givenName>
          <surName>Niffenegger</surName>
        </individualName>
        <organizationName>Schweizerische Vogelwarte Sempach</organizationName>
        <userId directory="https://orcid.org/">0000-0002-3851-7449</userId>
        <role>phd student</role>
      </personnel>
      <personnel>
        <individualName>
          <givenName>Anne-Cathérine</givenName>
          <surName>Gutzwiller</surName>
        </individualName>
        <organizationName>Schweizerische Vogelwarte Sempach</organizationName>
        <role>phd student</role>
      </personnel>
      <personnel>
        <individualName>
          <givenName>Rolf</givenName>
          <surName>Kessler</surName>
        </individualName>
        <organizationName>Schweizerische Vogelwarte Sempach</organizationName>
        <role>bachelor student</role>
      </personnel>
      <personnel>
        <individualName>
          <givenName>Anja</givenName>
          <surName>Lozza</surName>
        </individualName>
        <organizationName>Schweizerische Vogelwarte Sempach</organizationName>
        <role>master student</role>
      </personnel>
      <personnel>
        <individualName>
          <givenName>Sidonie</givenName>
          <surName>Nicole</surName>
        </individualName>
        <organizationName>Schweizerische Vogelwarte Sempach</organizationName>
        <role>scientific assistant</role>
      </personnel>
      <funding>
        <para>The study was primarily financed by the Swiss Ornithological Institute and financially supported by Swiss National Science Foundation (project number 10.002.489), Swarovski, Yvonne Jacob foundation and an anonymous foundation</para>
      </funding>
      <studyAreaDescription>
        <descriptor citableClassificationSystem="true" name="EUNIS habitat code">
          <descriptorValue name_or_id="E">Grasslands and lands dominated by forbs, mosses or lichens</descriptorValue>
        </descriptor>
        <descriptor citableClassificationSystem="true" name="EUNIS habitat code">
          <descriptorValue name_or_id="E4">Alpine and subalpine grasslands</descriptorValue>
        </descriptor>
        <descriptor citableClassificationSystem="true" name="EUNIS habitat code">
          <descriptorValue name_or_id="E4.2">Moss and lichen dominated mountain summits, ridges and exposed slopes</descriptorValue>
        </descriptor>
        <descriptor citableClassificationSystem="false" name="physical">
          <descriptorValue name_or_id="surface area">50000 ha</descriptorValue>
        </descriptor>
      </studyAreaDescription>
      <designDescription>
        <description>
          <para>The field study monitors artificial nest boxes, with a minimum of 60 and a maximum of 80 throughout the study period.</para>
        </description>
        <description>
          <para>Link to website that describes project/field study: https://www.vogelwarte.ch/en/projects/population-dynamics-of-the-white-winged-snowfinch/</para>
        </description>
      </designDescription>
    </project>
    <referencePublication>
      <bibtex> @article{Niffenegger_2023, title={Natural nest cavities in a high elevation habitat provide a more constant thermal environment than human-made nest cavities}, volume={165}, ISSN={2193-7206}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-023-02130-3}, DOI={10.1007/s10336-023-02130-3}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Ornithology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Niffenegger, Carole A. and Dirren, Sebastian and Schano, Christian and Korner-Nievergelt, Fränzi}, year={2023}, month=Dec, pages={545–549} }
</bibtex>
    </referencePublication>
  </dataset>
</eml:eml>
